What is a Turning Tool?
A turning tool is a cutting tool designed to remove chips from the workpiece during turning operations. Turning is a machining process used to shape the surface of a workpiece or to create a hole in it. The turning tool is mounted on the lathe and makes contact with the workpiece as it rotates. The rotational movement removes chips from the workpiece along the cutting edges.
Turning tools can be produced in various materials and shapes. The most commonly used materials are carbide and HSS (high-speed steel). Carbide turning tools are ideal for processing hard materials due to their high hardness and wear resistance. HSS turning tools are used for processing softer materials and are more cost-effective.
Turning tools differ in the number and position of cutting edges. Single-point turning tools have a single cutting edge and are used to create flat surfaces. Multi-point turning tools have multiple cutting edges and are used to create complex shapes.
Turning tools can also be classified based on the cutting direction. Straight turning tools have cutting edges that are parallel to the workpiece surface. Profile turning tools have cutting edges that are perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
Turning tools directly impact the efficiency and quality of the chip removal process. Selecting the correct turning tool should take into account the material, size, and shape of the workpiece.
Types of Turning Tools
Turning tools are produced in various shapes and sizes. The most commonly used turning tools are:
Single-point turning tools: These turning tools have a single cutting edge and are used to create flat surfaces.
Multi-point turning tools: These turning tools have multiple cutting edges and are used to create complex shapes.
Profile turning tools: These turning tools have cutting edges perpendicular to the workpiece surface and are used to create profiles and channels.
Straight turning tools: These turning tools have cutting edges parallel to the workpiece surface and are used to create flat surfaces.
Square turning tools: These turning tools have four cutting edges and a square cross-section, and are used to create flat surfaces and channels.
Round turning tools: These turning tools have four cutting edges and a round cross-section, and are used to create flat surfaces and channels.
Back turning tools: These turning tools have cutting edges that are opposite to the workpiece surface, and are used to round corners and smoothen surfaces.
Turning Tool Selection
Some points to consider when selecting a turning tool include:
Workpiece material: The turning tool should have an appropriate hardness for the workpiece material.
Workpiece size and shape: The turning tool should have a size and shape suitable for the workpiece.
Purpose of the chip removal process: The turning tool should have a design suitable for the purpose of the chip removal process.
Turning tools are usually produced in sizes and shapes recommended by the lathe manufacturer. However, special turning tools can also be produced for specific applications.
Turning tools play a significant role in machining operations. Selecting the right turning tool is key to producing efficient and high-quality workpieces.
